Theory a standing wave is a wave where the overall pattern does not appear to move. The length and tension in the string are adjusted until standing waves. Standing waves on a string pennsylvania state university. For a string that is fixed on both ends, a standing wave can develop if an integer number of half wavelengths fit into the length, l, of the string. A standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave that remains in a constant position. A standing wave is a pattern which results from the constructive and destructive interference of two or more waves traveling in the same medium. Transfer your data for standing wave with 3 antinodes using 150. View lab report module 6 experiment standing waves. The simplest standing wave that can form under these circumstances has one antinode in the middle.
As this happens, the string displacement is sent from one end of the string to the other. This experiment is designed to investigate the properties of standing waves on a string. Standing waves lab report phys 215 physics laboratory i. When the nodes of the string are interrupted by the increasing hang mass, frequency can be adjusted to maintain the foursegment pattern for certain mass.
In this lab you will produce standing waves on a string using a mechanical wave generator. In this experiment you will use a vibrator of constant frequency to vibrate the. As an example of the second type, a standing wave in a transmission line is a wave in which the distribution of current, voltage, or field strength is formed by the superposition of two waves of the same frequency propagating in opposite directions. Theory the purposes of this experiment are to produce standing waves on a vibrating string, study the relation between string tension and wavelength of such waves and calculate indirectly the frequency of vibration of the string. Same standing wave pattern with different tension 17. Waves traveling through solid objects, such as a string, the ground, or air, will do so with a wavelength, velocity, and frequency that are determined by the medium in which they are traveling and the. Use two patch cords to connect output source ch 1 to the string vibrator.
The speed v of waves on a stretched string will be determined using the basic wave. Lab 2 this is a lab report for a physics experiment on. In this lab, a standing wave pattern is produced by an electric motor that vibrates one end of the string up and down. Standing wave, also called stationary wave, combination of two waves moving in opposite directions, each having the same amplitude and frequency. If they shake in sync, the rope will form a regular pattern with nodes and antinodes and appear to be stationary, hence the name standing wave.
Standing waves on a string city university of new york. Phet sims are based on extensive education research and engage students through an intuitive, gamelike environment where students learn through exploration and discovery. The phenomenon is the result of interferencethat is, when waves are superimposed, their energies are either added together or cancelled out. An analysis of the interference of two waves traveling in opposite directions shows that the distance between a node and an adjacent antinode is 14 of a wavelength. When a speaker produces a sound wave, it generates a pressure difference in air and this pressure variation propagates through air with a specific speed c. For one of your experiments, you will vary the frequency. This interference occurs in such a manner that specific points along the medium appear to be standing still.
You will study how standing wave patterns fit on a fixed string and how the tension of the. Standing waves 3 in this equation, v is the phase velocity of the waves on the string, is the wavelength of the standing wave, and f is the resonant frequency for the standing wave. When a string is vibrating at its fundamental frequency, the wave pattern. When a string is vibrating at its fundamental frequency, the wave pattern looks like the top image in figure 2. The wavelengths of the waves and the tension in the string will be measured. In this document we introduce the standing waves and acoustic resonance experiment from the physics laboratory at the university of toronto. A standing wave occurs when a wave interferes with itself. It is intended to be used before you begin the experiment. A string attached to a turning fork is set vibrating at the same frequency as the tuning fork. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. From these measurements and the frequency of the wave, the mass per unit length of the string will be determined. An experiment in exploring the theoretical and applied physical properties of standing waves.
Therefore, this focus of this experiment is on sinusoidal waves. Standing wave superposition with reflected wave part ii. In this experiment, we tried to find the linear density of the string by using a sine wave generator to drive a string vibrator to cause a stretched string to form standing wave pattern. The purposes of this experiment are to produce standing waves on a vibrating string, study the relation between string tension and wavelength of such waves. For waves on a string,the wave velocity is also given by,where. To verify the relationship among wave velocity, wavelength, and frequency of a transverse wave. All of the frequencies that will form standing waves on the string follow this basic pattern, such that the. When the sound wave from a tuning fork is sent into a closed tube, a standing wave is created. Physics 126 laboratory manual 6 where l is the length of string between the supports and n is a positive integer. If the incident wave is moving in the positive xdirection, its wave function can be written as y inc acoskx. By exploring several basic properties of standing waves, you will be able to answer some of these questions. Waves on a string introduction a standing wave bridges the gap between our concepts of simple harmonic motion and waves. In this experiment, well look at a standing wave resonance on a string and study some of its properties. At certain column lengths, the reflected wave is in phase with the wave leaving.
To make the next possible standing wave, place a node in the center. For standing wave to form on a string, the basic condition that must be met is that both ends of the string must be fixed in place, never moving themselves. It is formed as the result of the perfectly timed interference of two waves passing through the same medium. A wave in a string can be characterized by its wavelength. In this experiment, you will study standing waves on a string and discover how di erent modes of vibration depend on the frequency, as well as how the wave speed depends on the tension in the string.
Experiment 10 phys2212k georgia state university 6 part 4. Theory in any wave motion, wavelength and frequency f of the wave is related by f v 1 where v is the. When a string of length l clamped at both ends is driven sinusoidally, standing waves can be generated when there are an integral number of halfwavelengths on the string. From these measurements and the frequency of the wave, the. The experiment had two investigations and the main goals of the experiment were to study standing waves of a string, to examine the relationship between string tension and wave velocity, to study standing waves in an air column and to measure the sound velocity. In this lab you will produce standing waves in a string and also standing waves in air.
To show that standing waves can be set up on a string. Equipment in this experiment we will produce standing waves on a string clamped at one end and. A standing wave is created when an incident and reflected wave have identical amplitudes, wavelengths and velocities. To investigate resonance conditions for a vibrating string. To derive this relationship, the velocity of the wave is expressed in two ways. To study dependence of wavelength on the tension and linear mass density of the string. You will also investigate the relationship between wave speed and tension in the string and verify the theoretical formula for wave speed. To make the third possible standing wave, divide the length into thirds by adding another node.
One easy to understand example is two people shaking either end of a jump rope. A standing wave is set up on the string as a result of the interference of the incident wave generated by the oscillator and the wave re. Sources of error in standing waves lab physics forums. A standing wave pattern is an interference phenomenon.
Standing wave patterns are always characterized by an alternating pattern of nodes and antinodes, with the number of nodes always being one more than the number of antinodes. Any thoughts would be very helpful from experienced members. Standing waves can be mechanically induced into a solid medium using resonance. A simple experiment demonstrating the excitation of a standing wave in a metal string is presented here. A standing wave is a pattern which results from the interference of two or more waves traveling in the same medium. This phenomenon can occur because the medium is moving in the opposite. Because the observed wave pattern is characterized by points that. Standing wave a standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave that remains in a constant position.
Founded in 2002 by nobel laureate carl wieman, the phet interactive simulations project at the university of colorado boulder creates free interactive math and science simulations. The effect is a series of nodes zero displacement and antinodes maximum displacement at fixed points along the transmission line. Experiment standing wave free download as powerpoint presentation. For waves on a string the velocity of the waves is given by the following equation. A standing wave is a wave where the overall pattern does not appear to move. It is possible to obtain many discrete vibrational modes in a stretched string. Standing waves physics grade 12, bilingual syllabus, 2nd. Frequencies producing standing waves are resonant frequencies. Fall 2007 phy126 experiment 6 standing waves in this experiment, standing waves will be observed in a vibrating string. Summary of the introduction to the standing waves and. This phenomenon can occur because the medium is moving in the opposite direction to the wave, or it can arise in a stationary medium as a result of.
Phy 157 standing waves on a string experiment 5 name. Pdf standing waves in a thin string meldes experiment. Standing waves on a string as shown on figure 1, the stationary string positions in the standing wave pattern. These transverse standing waves will only appear under certain conditions, which is what you will investigate in this lab. Several tasks using the setup are considered, which. Lab report for experiment 14 standing waves shivam agarwal lab partner. Apr 10, 2017 standing waves physics grade 12, bilingual syllabus, 2nd. Measure the frequency, wavelength, and speed of standing waves on a string. Examine how string mass, tension, and length affect the resonant frequency. The standing wave apparatus consists of a string with one end attached to a rod or ring stand. A standing wave pattern is a vibrational pattern created within a medium when the vibrational frequency of the source causes reflected waves from one end of the medium to interfere with incident waves from the source. The phenomena of standing waves and resonance has been studied since at least the time of pythagoras. It is recommended to keep the frequencies used below 100hz.
Standing wave, combination of two waves moving in opposite directions, each having the same amplitude and frequency. Several tasks using the setup are considered, which help the students to better understand the standing waves, the interaction between electric current and magnetic field and the resonance phenomena. Lab 16 standing waves on a string college of san mateo. Pdf a simple experiment demonstrating the excitement of a standing wave in a metal string is presented here. All standing waves are characterized by positions along the medium which are standing still. In the experiment with standing waves on a string, the oscillation was perpendicular to the direction in which the wave traveled. The standing wave comes about when the tuning forks wave overlaps the reflected wave from the opposite end of the tube. Experiment 1 driven harmonic oscillator up experiment 3 electrostatics. Module 6 experiment standing waves 6318, 458 pm ashley hayes phys 102 apr. Wave superposition data module 6 experiment standing waves lab ashley hayes phys 102. For figure 1b, the value of n is 3, and the wave pattern is called the third harmonic.
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